2013年1月号-　エイゴパス英会話レッスン　月刊ニュースレター

| 月間ニュースレター |
英語ニュース Current Internet NEWS!!　＜新着ネットニュース＞
英語のビデオ Video News (Domestic and World Events／国内＆世界の動画ニュース)
Business English ＜ビジネス英語フレーズ＞
Grammar Study＜今月の文法学習＞
TOEICクイズ TOEIC Study Quiz＜ＴＯＥＩＣテスト＞
Monthly Column – ＜今月のコラム＞
 
   
—You can read the article below and use it in your lessons to discuss with your teacher. — この記事を読んで先生とレッスンで話し合おう！
Nurse killer sentenced to 20 years in prison

ICHIBA — A man who murdered a nurse after sneaking into her acquaintance’s apartment out of curiosity was sentenced to 20 years in prison at a lay judge trial here on Jan. 25.

Taishi Nishioka, 27, an unemployed man of no fixed address, was convicted of murdering Kanae Hasegawa, 23, a nurse from Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, at a condominium in Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture, in April last year. Hasegawa was attacked while visiting her acquaintance at the condominium.

In handing down the ruling, Presiding Judge Tatsuya Tosuke blasted Nishioka’s actions.

"The selfish background to the crime warrants no sympathy. The defendant’s actions, such as wiping away his fingerprints at the crime scene, are also malicious. There was no fault on the part of the victim," he said.

According to the ruling, Nishioka had no close friends and was suffering from accumulating debts as he indulged in pachinko. He gradually developed a desire to peep into others’ lives. In February last year, he broke into two apartments in the same condominium complex, and stole 5,000 yen in cash and a USB flash drive.

On April 30 last year, he saw Hasegawa at the entrance to the condominium and got interested in her private life. He broke into her acquaintance’s home and stabbed her in the chest with a knife after she noticed him, the ruling said.

 
 

＜日本語訳＞

千葉県浦安市で昨年４月、マンションの知人宅を訪れた仙台市の看護師、長谷川かなえさん（当時２３歳）を殺害したとして、殺人や窃盗などの罪に問われた住所不定、無職、西岡大志被告（２７）の裁判員裁判の判決で、千葉地裁は２５日、懲役２０年（求刑・懲役２５年）を言い渡した。

　任介（とうすけ）辰哉裁判長は「他人の私生活を知りたかった」などとする動機について「身勝手な経緯に同情の余地はなく、現場の指紋をふき取るなどの行動も悪質。これまで犯罪と無縁な生活を送るなどくむべき事情もあるが、被害者に落ち度はない」と厳しく指摘した。

　判決によると、西岡被告は親しい友人を持たずにパチンコに熱中し借金も増える中で、のぞき見欲求も抱くようになり昨年２月、同じマンションの別の二つの部屋に侵入。ＵＳＢメモリーや現金５０００円を盗んだほか、昨年４月３０日未明、マンション入り口で見かけた長谷川さんに「私生活を知りたい」と興味を抱いて部屋に侵入、気づかれとっさに包丁で胸を刺し、殺害した。【
 
 
Learning from the lessons of history

In the midst of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, then U.S. President John F. Kennedy stressed to his aide the danger of miscalculation and quoted from Barbara Tuchman’s "The Guns of August" about how World War I broke out.

When that war erupted, it was none other than the then German chancellor who lamented and wondered what had gone wrong. It had previously been believed no more wars would be waged

in Europe, where mutual dependence among nations had already become the norm. Nevertheless, the war did start in quite an unexpected and unwanted way for many of the leaders of the major powers involved, leaving 9 million people dead as a result. Tuchman’s book chronicles how the accumulated miscalculations on the part of politicians eventually set the war plans of the militaries in those countries into motion one after another. President Kennedy recommended the book to U.S. military personnel as a must-read apparently because he wanted to make them well aware of the risks of a crisis escalating from the chain reactions of miscalculations.

Turning our attention to modern-day Asia, a Chinese warship directed "fire-control" radar at a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force vessel in the East China Sea, raising the question of who dared to start the provocation and under what calculations. Such an action, as if intended for something to happen, reveals underlying motives that aspire to drag Japan into military tensions. If the action was intended by the leadership of China with no regard to the possible destruction of the bilateral reciprocal relationship then this would be out of the question. But it would also entail extreme danger if it was a result of some sailors acting independently. Japan is expected to take every possible measure to contain any escalation of tensions in a level-headed manner, if it is to win the sympathy of the international community.

Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy launched a hotline between the United States and the then Soviet Union as part of measures to prevent the outbreak of an accidental war. We have a lot to gain from the wisdom of history in the presence of the whirlwind in the East China Sea.

 
 

ディスカッションポイント！：

＜日本語訳＞世界を核戦争の縁に立たせたキューバ危機のさなか、ケネディ米大統領は側近にこう言って、バーバラ・タックマンの著書「八月の砲声」に記された第一次世界大戦勃発（ぼっぱつ）の経緯について語って聞かせた

大戦の開戦当時「なぜ、こんなことに」と嘆いたのは他ならないドイツの首相だった。国家間の相互依存の進んだ欧州では二度と戦争は起こらないといわれた戦前である。だが、どの大国の指導層も望んでいなかった戦争は起こり、９００万人が戦死することになる

タックマンの著書は、政治家らの誤算の累積により各国の軍の戦争計画が連鎖的に発動した経緯を記している。ケネディがこの書を米国の軍人らに必読書として推奨したのは、誤算の連鎖反応が招く危機のエスカレーションの恐ろしさを認識させたかったからだろう

さてこちらは誰がどんな計算の上で行った挑発なのか。東シナ海で日本の護衛艦に中国海軍の艦船が火器管制レーダーの照射を行っていたという例の事件である。事あれかしといわんばかりの行動からうかがえるのは軍事的緊張に日本を引きずり込もうという底意だ

それが日中の相互依存関係の破壊もいとわないという上級指導部の意図なら論外だが、一部の軍人の暴走だとしてもこれまた危険極まりない軍の無統制を意味する。ここは日本が冷静に緊張のエスカレート封じに手立てを尽くすことが国際社会の共感を得る道だろう

ケネディはキューバ危機の後にソ連との間でホットライン設置など偶発戦争防止措置を取った。歴史に多くの知恵を学ばねばならない東シナ海の風雲である。

 
 
 
   
  New! Learning through News Videos
 
 
 
Business English Expression and Phrases　＜ビジネス英会話フレーズ＞
-Learn expressions such as idioms and slang that is unique to culture, age, and business!
新しい英語表現：　文化・時代・ビジネスで使う特有なイディオム表現や俗語を覚えよう！

–Hiroshi and Carl just finished giving a presentation to their clients and are sitting in the conference room discussing how they did. Anthony, a colleague who also attended the presentation, comes in to offer some words of encouragement and advice–
Anthony:

Hey guys, that presentation you just delivered blew them away! I feel you were on point in addressing ways for them to slim down operating expenses.
Carl:

I surely hope they keep an open mind in considering our radical recommendations considering that they were not "tried and true" techniques.
Anthony:

Mr. Stephenson is a no nonsense businessman so I am confident you had his utmost attention. I really feel he was impressed by both of you in that you offered thinking and insight that was "outside of the box".

Hiroshi:

I really appreciate your kind words Anthony, but I felt I could have done better on my part. Carl was a real life saver when he stepped in to explain the details of our proposal. Thanks Carl, I could not have pulled through without you.

Carl:

Don’t beat yourself over it so much Hiroshi. You did perfectly fine!

Anthony:

Hiroshi, I agree with Carl. You stuck to your guns when they tried to break down your proposal and you did not waver in your opinions. That in itself shows credibility on your part.

Hiroshi:

I am thankful for your kind words. I just feel I could have done something better!
 
上記の会話の日本語訳はこちらをクリック’（印刷可）: JAPANESE VERSION
"blow someone away" 誰かを圧倒する
"on point" 的を得ている
"slim down" 削減する
"tried and true" 試されて証明されている
"no nonsense person" 不適切さを許容しない人
"outside of the box" （常識の）箱に捉われない
"life saver" 命の恩人
"to step in" 介入する
"to pull through" 切り抜ける
"beat oneself over" 自分を痛めつける
"stick to one’s guns" 自分の意見に忠実でいる
"Know vs Realize" 今回はKnowと Realize の使い方を解説します。
 
 

 
–This section will cover a broad range of different grammar rules and explanations to help you understand sentence structure and improve awareness of English grammar.
このコーナーでは文法の規則や英文の構成についてわかりやすく学べるように解説しています。
What is the difference between "by" and "until" ?
Read some of the sentences below and try to understand in which situations they are used correctly or incorrectly.
Examples of how "by" and "until" are used:
 
Ex:â‘ 
I mailed the letter today, so they should receive it "by" Monday.
手紙を郵送したので、月曜日までに届くでしょう。。
 
I mailed the letter today, so they should receive it "until" Monday.
 
 
Explanation: The verb "receive" is not an action that "continues". Therefore, "by" is used to mean that the letter would be received "by" or "before" Monday. 　受け取るという動詞は、継続制がないので、byはこの場合月曜日の前＝月曜日までに受け取るという意味で使われています。
 
Ex:â‘¡
英会話ポイント
 Has Jane arrived yet? She should be here "by" now.
ジェーンはまだ来ませんか？　今ごろ着いていても大丈夫なんですけど。
 
Has Jane arrived yet? She should be here "until" now.
 
 
Explanation: The speaker is expecting that "Jane" should have arrived already. Which means that Jane should be here/arrive "before" now. スピーカーはジェーンが既に到着しているべきだと思っています。ということはとっくの前にジェーンがここに来ているという意味となりますのでByを使います。
 
Ex:â‘¢
英会話ポイント
 This report must be done tonight. You should be here "until" we finish it!
今夜までにレポートを仕上げなければならない。私達が終わるまでここにいなさい。
 
This report must be done tonight. You should be here "by" we finish it!
 
 
Explanation: In this case, the verb "be" is used similar to example 2. However, in this situation, the speaker is saying that they must "be" or "remain" until the report is done. Therefore, "until" is the correct choice since be/remain is a verb that signifies something continues up to a certain time. In this case, the time is when they finish the report. この場合のbeは例②と似ていますが、これはスピーカーが’彼らのレポートが終わるまで、ここに留まる(be = remain)という意味合いで使っていますので、Untilがある一定の時間(ここではれぽ^とを終える時間)までをさしているので、Untilを使います。
 
Note: BY= no later than (Tom will return by Monday)　
注）　By =　~までに(～までに)
 
Note: UNTIL/TIL=something continues up to that point in time. ( Tom will be away until Monday)
注）
 
 
 
3 Common Mistakes in English that students make:
Read the following sentences below and determine which sentence is written correctly.
 

â‘  Last year I was walking to school every day.
    去年僕は学校へ毎日徒歩で通った。
  â‘¡ Last year I walked to school every day.
     
  Note: Use the simple past to express a habit in the past and not the past continuous. Correct sentence is #2
過去の習慣を表現する際は単純過去を使うので、２番が正解となります。
 
  â‘  I’ll see you when I will come back.
    私が帰ってきたときに会いましょう。
  â‘¡ I’ll see you when I come back.
     
  Note: If the verb in the main clause is in the future, the verb in the time clause must be in the present tense. Correct sentence is #2
主節の動詞が未来系の場合、時制の動詞は現在形になっている必要がありますので、２番が正解です。
 
  â‘  If he asks me, I will go out to dinner with him.
    もし彼から誘いがあれば、彼とディナーにいきます。
  â‘¡ If he will ask me, I will go out to dinner with him.
     
  Note: Use the present tense in a future conditional in the IF clause and the future tense in the main clause. Correct sentence is #1.
IF節または未来文が主節に含まれている場合、現在系を使います。
 
 
 
TOEIC対策（読解＆リスニング問題編）Eメールとﾕｰｻﾞﾈｰﾑの入力でテストの結果がメールで受け取れます。
 
[kml_flashembed publishmethod=”static” fversion=”8.0.0″ movie=”https://www.members.eigopass.com/flashquiz/toeicsentence/Quiz 23/quiz.swf” width=”636″ height=”480″ targetclass=”flashmovie”] [/kml_flashembed]
[kml_flashembed publishmethod=”static” fversion=”8.0.0″ movie=”https://www.members.eigopass.com/flashquiz/TOEIC850/quiz5audio/quiz.swf” width=”636″ height=”480″ targetclass=”flashmovie”] [/kml_flashembed]
 
 
NEW! – What "stereotypes" did you have of Japan/Japanese people before coming here and do you still hold these to be true?

(Daniel 34y.o. male American): All Japanese People Are RICH!

"Coming from New York and always seeing so many Japanese on vacation in the U.S. shopping and buying everything they see when I was growing up, I believed that most, if not all Japanese people were RICH! I am not sure if it was due to the economy during the 90’s that provided a great opportunity for them to buy up everything or their custom to shop during vacations, but I now do not hold the belief that they are all wealthy to be true. I think most western people take vacations moreso to enjoy new places and experience the culture of a new country. However, Japanese just naturally like to shop while abroad which may be why it "seemed" like they were rich. In reality, most people tend to live an "average" or "futsu" life making ends meet just like Americans. They live in small, but comfortable homes and do not lead an extravagant lifestyle that I imagined. "

ダニエル(３4歳/アメリカ人男性)の意見：日本人は皆お金持ち！？

’ニューヨークで生まれ育ったので、沢山の日本人観光客がニューヨークでショッピングやお土産を大量に買っている光景を見てきたので、日本人の皆さんがお金持ちだと思っていました。９０年代の経済成長なのか、おみやげをよく買う日本人の習慣なのか、理由はわかりませんが、今はみんなが裕福ではないと思っています。僕が思うに、ほとんどのアメリカ人は訪れた国の習慣や、文化を経験し、観光を楽しむために休暇をとりますが、日本人は単純に海外で買い物をすることが好きなので、日本人のみんながお金持ちに見えたのかもしれません。本当はほとんどの日本人の方が私たちアメリカ人みたいに、普通の生活をしているようですね。小さいながら快適な家に住んでいるのを見ると、僕がイメージしていた日本人の人々の贅沢な暮らしとはかけ離れていますが。
 

(Sarah 24y.o. female U.K.): Japanese people are very nice and kind!

"I have always perceived most Japanese people to be very kind in my past encounters with them while working at a hotel in London. They always seem to never complain and do not disturb others with loud, obnoxious banter in public as other travelers generally do. I guess this is what gave me the impression that I could easily make friends upon arriving here as I perceived them to be extremely friendly.

Inasmuch as I do not like to stereotype as it can be a false generalization of a group of people in acting or behaving in a certain way, I want to express that it may have been naive of me in not understanding the difference between kindness/friendliness and politeness. A case in point is how few times men give up their seats to children or the elderly on the train/bus. Another example is how infrequently do you see them starting a conversation with someone they don’t know. I just wish it were easier to talk to strangers without it seeming rude to intrude in someone’s "private space."

サラ(２４歳/イギリス人女性)　日本人はとても優しくいい人達です！

’ロンドンのホテルで働いているときに、日本人の人々は皆優しく良い方々という印象を持っていました。日本人の方は他の旅行者の様に迷惑ではなく、静かで一度もクレーム等をつけませんでした。なので、日本に来た時に、友達を作りやすいと思いました。

私は人々にレッテルを貼ってしまうステレオタイプという物は嫌いですが、日本人の優しさ、フレンドリーさ、及び礼儀正しさの違いを理解できない点がナイーブになっています。例えば、男性が子供やお年寄りに席を譲った場面をあまり見たことがないですし、知らない人と気軽に会話を始めることが出来なかったりします。そこまでプライベートになりすぎず、他人と気楽に喋れたら素敵だと思います。
 

(Mark 36y.o. male U.S.): All Japanese people are quiet and shy.

"During University classes, I took some classes when there were a couple of foreign students from Japan but noticed they rarely if ever voiced their opinions during class discussion. It wasn’t that they did not know the information or ideas because they did! It made me think if it was their "lack of confidence" in the English language, fear of being wrong in expressing their ideas, or something entirely different?

When I started teaching a group of students in Japan, I began to feel that it was not completely due to being "shy" or "quiet" persay but rather not having the experience to openly express their ideas. Maybe it can be attributed to an education system that does not put emphasis in discussion but rather on information accumulation only? My preconceived notion quickly disappeared as the wonderful students I have are neither shy nor quiet when we socialize outside of a classroom environment. I guess it just takes a little time to adapt to what we westerners feel is normal to easily express our feelings. It is truly unique."

マーク(３６歳/アメリカ人男性)の意見：日本人はみんな静かで恥ずかしがりや。

アメリカの大学の授業で、日本人の留学生がいたクラスがありましたが、クラスのディスカッションで何か意見を言ったり、発言することはほとんどありませんでした。彼らは授業内容がわからないから発言をしなかったかったのではなく、英語に自信がなかったからではないでしょうか。みんなの前で間違う事を恐れえたのかもしれないです。

日本でグループの生徒を教え始めた際に　次第に彼らは恥かしがり屋や、静かというよりも、自分達の意見を人前で表現したくないと思うようになってきました。それは日本の教育システムがディスカッションというよりはただ情報を教えるというシステムではないからでしょうか？ただ、僕の生徒達はとてもフレンドリーでクラス外でも交流があったので、僕が思っていた考えはすぐに変わりました。たぶん、僕らアメリカ人が意見を言う事に対して何の抵抗もないというのは普通のことでなく、ユニークなことであるということに気づき、それに慣れるのには少し時間がかかると思います。
 
 

 

 

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